Alabama State Bird
Northern Flicker

Official Alabama State Bird Name: Yellowhammer
American Ornithologists Union Common Name: Northern Flicker
Other names: Yellow-shafted Flicker
Family: Picidae, Woodpeckers
Scientific name: Colaptes auratus
Length: 12.5" (31cm)
Voice: Listen to Northern Flicker Sounds (recorded by Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
The Contact call a high, piercing, clear keew; when flushed a soft muffled bwirr. Song a long, strong, relatively low-pitched series kwikwikwikwi... continued steadily for up to 15 seconds. Drum averages moderate to fast speed, but variable, overlapping many species.
Diet: Insects, especially ants (more than any other North American bird); also occasionally seeds, acorns, nuts, and grain.
Habitat: Open forests, woodlots, groves, farms, towns, semi-open country.
Displays: Courtship: noisy, active, with calling, drumming, wing and tail flashing, billing, and bobbing while pair face each other. Aggressive displays include bill pointing, head swinging/bobbing, tail spreading.
Number of broods: 1 to 2
Nest: Prefers tree snag; will use variety of cavities: poles and posts, houses, banks, haystacks, boxes.
Nest Height: Usually 6-15', up to 100'.
Eggs: Averages 5-8 white eggs 1.1"
Incubation period: 11-14 days
Fledge: 25-28 days after hatching
Longevity Record: 9 Years and 2 months (according to USGS Bird Banding Lab)

History:

Alabama has been known as the "Yellowhammer State" since the Civil War. The Alabama state bird yellowhammer nickname was applied to the Confederate soldiers from Alabama when a company of young cavalry soldiers from Huntsville, under the command of Rev. D.C. Kelly, arrived at Hopkinsville, KY, where Gen. Forrest's troops were stationed. The officers and men of the Huntsville company wore fine, new uniforms, whereas the soldiers who had long been on the battlefields were dressed in faded, worn uniforms. On the sleeves, collars and coattails of the new cavalry troop were bits of brilliant yellow cloth. As the company rode past Company A, Will Arnett cried out in greeting "Yellowhammer, Yellowhammer, flicker, flicker!" The greeting brought a roar of laughter from the men and from that moment the Huntsville soldiers were spoken of as the "yellowhammer company." The term quickly spread throughout the Confederate Army and all Alabama troops were referred to unofficially as the "Yellowhammers."

When the Confederate Veterans in Alabama were organized they took pride in being referred to as the "Yellowhammers" and wore a yellowhammer feather in their caps or lapels during reunions.

A bill introduced in the 1927 legislature by Representative Thomas E. Martin, Montgomery County, was passed and approved by Governor Bibb Graves on September 6, 1927 and named the Yellowhammer as the Alabama State Bird.

Sources:
Act 27-542, Acts of Alabama, September 6, 1927
Alabama State Emblems, Alabama Department of Archives and History, nd.
Alabama State Bird

Alabama State Bird Books